Development and Current Situation of Anti-Gambling, Anti-Gambling and Anti-corrosion Technology for Oil and Gas Field Pipelines Wang Lijuan. Tian Jun. Xue Qunjizhong 1 Yuke Yuwei Institute of Chemical Physics 13 bodies. , 1; home, Kadidi Fengye Gansu 73+ also picks up the continuous development and utilization of the new gas field. When long-distance pipeline transportation, the pipeline anti-wax resistance and corrosion protection technology is more, to come to the illusion. Over the years, Kazaki oil is donated to the ground Wei Fushi developed the development of drag reduction and anti-corrosion technology for the inner and outer walls of the pipeline, and introduced the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

xi358.2 Document identification code person 1 Foreword With the development of the oil and gas industry, the original Shantou natural gas was mostly transported by pipelines. Due to the influence of temperature and its composition, the crude oil will occur on the wall of the pipeline during the transportation process. As a result, the resistance of tube feeding increases. 9. In addition, due to the neglect of certain components in the original Shanshan natural gas, such as sulfides, the corrosion of the pipeline is neglected. The anti-wax, anti-corrosion, and anti-corrosion of the inner wall of the pipe is extremely necessary. At the same time, the outer wall of the buried pipeline is subject to soil salt. . The type and unevenness of the soil corroded by the acid makes the corrosion of the outer wall of the metal pipeline abnormal and abnormal, with the oil. The development of the transportation of thousands of natural gas pipelines and the enhancement of mining have increased the working load and the corrosive nature of the transportation products. In recent years, towels have been used in long weather conditions. The large-diameter pipes and environmental protection requirements have been used. Pipeline corrosion protection has a particularly important development and current status of general resistance technology. 2 Oil and gas field pipelines anti-wax resistance reduction technology 21 heat treatment transportation heating Transportation is the most suitable for implementation in the Bo world. A wide range of waxy crude oil is delivered to Ding Yi. I0 is usually transported by heating pipelines along the line, and heat treatment can promote the corresponding changes of the wax crystal morphology and structure in the crude oil, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the low-temperature fluidity of crude oil. However, the energy consumption of heating and transportation is high, and the equipment investment and management costs are high and exist. Shut down and start again. 1. 2.2 Adding chemical additives 〃 Adding 10 to a few lines of 1 in the crude oil can reduce the flow resistance of crude oil and increase the volume of transportation by tens of percent. So far, a variety of waxy crude oil pour point depressant and drag reducing agents have been developed and produced abroad. Mo has used the technology of adding pour point depressing and muscle reducing agents on dozens of oil pipelines, and the effect is very significant. In the early 1980s, in-country laboratory work began in China. So far, dozens of condensing and drag reducing agents have been synthesized, but the use in pipeline transportation is still in its infancy, and it is used in long-distance pipelines in unmanned areas in the western desert. Agent, which has a significant scientific and economic meaning. There is still room for improvement. The use of wax crystal modifiers can improve the wax crystals in crude oil, reduce the adhesion between wax crystals and sloppy crystals on the pipe wall surface, reduce or eliminate wax deposition; at the same time, make wax crystals difficult to form a network structure at room temperature , Lower the freezing point of crude oil. In the process of heavy oil mining and gathering and transportation, the use of viscosity-reducing or condensation-reducing and drag-reducing agents can prevent the formation of water-in-oil emulsions, and use linear polymers to suppress the eddy currents formed on the turbulent viscous layer during oil-water mixed transportation. Reduce the turbulent energy consumption, reduce the apparent viscosity yield value and friction resistance, and finally achieve the purpose of effectively transporting high waxy crude oil at ambient temperature.

Fund project Chinese Academy of Sciences Applied Development Research and Development Key Project Chi 958126223 Oil Field Pipeline Inner Wall Anti-knot Coating + 1 Research proves that the wettability of the wax on the pipe wall, the temperature of the pipe wall surface free surface roughness and other factors will affect the wax Shen Zhi on the wall surface of the tube; the temperature of the tube wall plays a decisive role in the deposition of wax.

Spraying an organic polymer material on the inner wall of the metal pipe can reduce the free energy of the pipe wall surface and reduce the roughness of the pipe wall surface, weaken the nucleation of wax on the pipe wall, and reduce wax deposition; at the same time, the pipe wall coating energy Change the nature of the solid-liquid interaction and reduce the phase force between the pipe wall and the crude oil. Flowing crude oil forms a partial slip on the pipe wall. Reduce the loss of friction muscles and achieve the anti-wax reduction of the inner wall surface of the muscle preparation 14 24 strong magnetic field viscosity reduction and drag reduction 151 original Shan's diamagnetic material 6 wax, etc. are induced to be polarized under the action of the magnetic field to produce an induced magnetic moment and suppress paraffin Nuclear formation. The growth and aggregation of paraffin crystals are attached to improve the fluidity of crude oil. At the same time, the polar substances in the crude oil such as colloids and charged particles, through the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field induced by the magnetic field Min Lorenz force, make a spiral movement, weakening the interior of the oil flow The tendency to aggregate between wax-forming substances and reduce the wax build-up on the pipe wall, and make the condensate layer soft and easy to remove 3Development and status of buried pipeline anti-corrosion technology at home and abroad 3.1 Outer wall protective layer technology 1 White Buried in the country since 1930 Coal tar asphalt coating is used on the outer wall of Shanghai. The outer bandage is asbestos fiberglass or kraft paper with penetrating diluted asphalt into coal tar. Since 1954, the adhesive tape has been tested on long-distance pipelines and has been successful. In the 1960s, plastic coatings were applied to the protection of the outer wall of the pipeline. The former Soviet Union began to study rubber asphalt horseshoe grease in 1951, and it should be generally rejected after 1953. . The outer wall protection of the buried Shan gas pipeline generally adopts petroleum asphalt coating and has developed asphalt adhesive tape rubber asphalt polymer adhesive tape polyethylene polyvinyl chloride and epoxy resin. Japan ’s underground pipeline protection has currently replaced plastic with coal Tar asphalt and petroleum asphalt coating.

In the past few years, hot-coated petroleum asphalt has been used for a long time. In recent years, epoxy coal tar asphalt anti-corrosion coating, polyethylene adhesive tape, polyethylene yellow-green jacket, etc. have been adopted. To prevent the damage of plant roots to the protective layer of petroleum asphalt, Liaohe Oilfield Design Institute has proposed petroleum Asphalt protective layer is covered with PVC plastic film structure technology. At present, anticorrosion coatings for buried steel pipelines in various countries around the world mainly include petroleum asphalt coal tar enamel paint extruded polyethylene polyethylene wrapped tape sintered epoxy resin 8 composite and composite coating, etc. . According to the order of use, it is sintered epoxy resin 8 coal tar enamel extruded polyethylene Yanzhou Fu 1 cover tape, PE tape is shrinking.

3.1.1 Petroleum asphalt anti-corrosion layer 7 Petroleum asphalt is the longest-used anti-corrosion coating. China is still making it easy to remove materials, the price is low, the construction technology is simple but compared with other anti-corrosion layers, the shortcomings are mainly water absorption High aging resistance, poor soil stress, but it is not resistant to microbial and deep root plant penetration, nor high tolerance. Due to the above reasons and restricted by environmental protection, petroleum asphalt anti-corrosion coatings in North America and Europe have gradually been eliminated. Applications are decreasing. According to an investigation, in 1995, all petroleum asphalt anti-corrosion coatings were used in the Middle East and Southeast Pacific.

3.1.2 Anticorrosion layer of coal tar enamel 1 Coal tar enamel has a very long history of application. It was first produced in the United Kingdom in 1800 and introduced to the United States in 1900. It is widely used in various underground steel pipes. Up to now, the anticorrosive coating of the pipeline is still widely used.

Coal tar is easy to obtain and cheap, and its performance is also unique. It can overcome the shortcomings of petroleum asphalt's resistance to microbes and deep root plant penetration and high temperature. Its disadvantage is that it has cold brittleness and resistance to external mechanical damage in a lower temperature environment. The strength is not high, it is not suitable to make the coal tar enamel in the Shifang mountainous area. It is an aromatic compound composed of hydrocarbon atoms. Bacterial bases have the ability to attack other chemical substances and have a high mechanical strength. Compared with asphalt, it has fewer holes The water absorption rate is low, and the water resistance is very good. It can prevent the plant root system from penetrating and its resistance is greater than that of petroleum zhejiang. The anti-aging resistance is quite good. It is widely used in submarine pipelines with weighted concrete. Its shortcomings are poor resistance to soil stress and thermal stability, and compatibility with cathodic protection. It is also not suitable for construction in high and cold areas or high temperature in pipeline transportation. When the medium is brittle, cracking and flowing will occur. It has been investigated in some pipelines in North America that the coal tar enamel is protected from the side, the side is outside, and the protection technology has a big pen! miiM, M, wrti.

Eclipse 18! To a certain extent, environmental protection also limits its wide application. However, the current anti-corrosion layer of coal tar enamel is still widely used in domestic and foreign countries.

3.1.3 Epoxy powder anticorrosion layer after the successful electrostatic spraying process in 1962, epoxy powder began to be used in pipeline anticorrosion. After the development of primerless formulations in 1970, the pipeline industry began to widely use sintered epoxy powder anticorrosive coatings. Some pipeline companies in the United States believe that the sintered epoxy powder anticorrosive coating has the strongest resistance to soil stress among all available anticorrosive coatings. In the humid environment, bubbles will be generated due to the permeability of the anticorrosive film, and the tubes near the bubbles can still be protected by the cathode. A pipeline company has inspected this kind of air bubble and found no corrosion phenomenon. The anti-cathode peeling performance of the anti-corrosion layer is better. It is resistant to wear, but the resistance value of the anti-corrosion layer of the sharp tool is not obvious as the temperature increases! 1 down, in the tide, ring garbage. Tun resistance is also low. The statistics made by Saw 1 show that the sintered epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer is by far the largest amount of anti-corrosion layer. The hardened epoxy resin is the strongest adhesion of all anti-corrosion coatings to steel pipes. Anti-corrosion coating, so there is no case of corrosion cracking in the investigation of stress corrosion cracking in Canadian pipelines, but because the coating layer is not thin enough, the impact resistance of sharp objects is poor, so it should be used with caution in the Shifang mountain area.

3.1.4 Extruded polyethylene anti-corrosion layer In 1960, this anti-corrosion layer was first used in Europe for anti-corrosion of pipelines. Its anti-soil resistance is not as good as that of sintered epoxy powder. But it is obviously better than 1. Its anti-corrosion layer 1 because of the poor adhesion of polyethylene anti-corrosion and has a high resistance value, this anti-corrosion layer is prone to peel off the cathode current shielding in the United States, extruded polyethylene anti-corrosion layer is mostly Used in smaller diameter pipelines, partly because its adhesion is not enough.2 This anti-corrosion layer was second only to fusion epoxy powder and coal tar enamel protective layer polyethylene anti-corrosion layer coal tar enamel fusion ring in the past application. Oxygen powder anti-corrosion layer Main performance comparison of anti-corrosion layer 1 performance polyethylene coal tar enamel sintered epoxy powder adhesion and compatibility with cathodic protection water resistance mechanical strength resistance to soil stress thermal stability Note +. Very good, 1 acceptable Good 3.1.5 composite anti-corrosion layer 122 composite anti-corrosion layer appeared more than ten years ago. The earliest is two layers, that is, a polymer binder is coated between the polyethylene and the tube. Its weakness is that it has poor anti-cathode peeling ability. The epoxy resin is used as the bottom layer to form a composite anti-corrosion layer to overcome this shortcoming. Its structure is training. Knotted epoxy powder layer + knotting agent + polyethylene outer layer.

The technology of structural fusion-bonded epoxy extruded polyethylene anti-corrosion layer has been developed and successfully applied in European countries since the 1980s. It combines the excellent properties of two anti-corrosion layers of fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating and extruded polyethylene , Overcoming the shortcomings of the low adhesion of the two-layer structure polyethylene anticorrosion layer, the structural composition of the anticorrosion layer includes an epoxy primer intermediate copolymer binder and a polyolefin surface layer. At present, it is considered internationally that the first anti-corrosion technology of the pipeline as the bottom layer of epoxy powder and the epoxy powder as the pan-coating alone are very different in chemical and physical properties. It should be properly chemically bound. Recently, the powder has been coated at a low temperature of 22 and has a thickness of up to 200. A larger thickness can provide better resistance to peeling. The polymer binder strongly adheres between the bottom layer and the polyethylene outer layer. Knot effect. Most commercial adhesives contain active groups, which can be coagulated by chemical reaction with the resin group that has not yet solidified. There are many different anhydrides. The copolymer of ethyl acrylate and cyclopropyl formic acid is fused into a polymer and copolymer. The thickness of the adhesive In general, 12 has tended to use density polyethylene not exceeding 9453 in recent years, with high mechanical strength, generally 3 degrees, and polypropylene and polyene as the outer layer. The structure is a kind of epoxy resin. The composite structure of anti-cathode peeling adhesion combined with the impact strength of polyethylene. The aging resistance and environmental stress resistance of polyethylene are still long. After long-term use, these two indicators are unique requirements put forward by other anti-corrosion coatings in the standard. The outer cover layer of giant polyethylene is aging or cracking failure, and the inner layer is thin Thin epoxy resin at home is generally 40, outside 80 is generally at 1001501, it is difficult to achieve the expected anti-corrosion performance. Due to the layer, the structure price is higher, and it is only suitable for mining 3.1.6 epoxy resin and tar under special geological conditions. Enamel composite anti-corrosion layer 1241 has developed a new number of coating layer with epoxy resin as the primer and coated with coal tar enamel to resist bad oxygen, self-cladding extruded polyethylene, the coating layer is only suitable for 508 The following diameter of the extruded polyethylene coating has also changed the ideal of environmental stress resistance to sweat cracking, aging cracking and other issues need to be carefully considered. 3.1.7 polysilicon-based ethylene oxide series coatings 5 ​​US advanced polymer company successfully developed An all-round anti-corrosion material. Polysiloxane-based ethylene oxide series coatings. The coatings not only have excellent anti-corrosion performance, but also are extremely convenient in construction and coating. Because of their strong anti-corrosion properties, they are flexible and easy to use. The trend of polysilicon-based epoxy series coatings is two-component polymer coatings, the molecule does not contain warp groups and ester groups, thus avoiding the possibility of penetration corrosion in acid and alkali oils and organic solvent media. The anti-corrosion coating of the outer wall of foreign pipelines is based on the formation of a series of coatings such as coal tar petroleum asphalt various resins, etc., and is developing in the direction of plastic coating plastic adhesive tape and epoxy powder coating. 3.1.8 Broken glass steel Anti-corrosion 26 should be present in the petroleum industry (1), and more of Fujie Village's glass fiber reinforced plastics, that is, glass steel. FRP has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and is almost not eroded by oil, water, salt and other media. It has been used in the lining of oil and gas equipment in the 1950s until 1st. Wait. The research and application of Fangshan in the Americas is the most prominent. For example, the company installed 79 glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes in the 06 oil field in Texas in the 1970s. It was re-injected to make Shanfu and oil gathering and then in Dirk. Note from Western Sas. 2 The 182 glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe line was laid in the compulsory oil production plant. It has been operating normally since the 1980s. The company has entered a new stage of using glass fiber reinforced plastics in the Dali field. According to the researchers of the American Research Center The pipe can be used almost in front of all types of oilfield Il. People, the company has thousands of wells using FRP, about 300 production wells use FRP tubing, there are 4 wells using FRP sleeves, FRP in Six of the total pipeline purchases in the United States have reached six heats.

The use of glass steel tubes not only brings convenience to the installation, but also solves the difficulties that many steel tubes cannot avoid, bringing significant economic benefits. For example, 3 in the United States, the high-water-rate well uses FRP tubing. Compared with the 55-up pipe, although the price of the tubing itself is twice as high, it seems that the use of steel tubing bottoms must be equipped with chemical injection equipment. Great efforts have been made to set up Yu'an Steel sucker rods and work in the leading exemption from its large production plant. Sun 61. The company is currently the world's largest manufacturer of fiberglass sucker rods, and its products have been sold to Canada, France, Indonesia and China. Japan and Canada also began research in this area in the early 1980s. Now there are official products available. China has established several FRP sucker rod production research units in 198419891. It has also introduced a production line from the United States. The efforts have solved some key technical problems in production; in order to promote the application, some pilot projects in Shantou have been conducted and the response has been good.

From the comprehensive performance point of view, the glass fiber reinforced plastics with different substrates are most suitable for aromatic amine-cured epoxy resins. Oilfield epoxy resins can be used to manufacture pipelines with a diameter of less than 19.; 1. 27.6 River, 1 conveys the fluid material produced by the oil field under the high temperature and high pressure environment.

3.1.9 Cathodic protection technology of the outer wall of the pipeline Cathodic protection is an effective anticorrosion measure for buried pipelines. The cost is less than the US cost of the Fuxiao project, and it is almost all at the end of 1970; It is also at the same time as building the Tao. Adopt cathodic protection measures China's current oil and gas Ding 1 line basically adopts cathodic protection measures in Xinjiang desert areas. The soil is dry and the groundwater level is very low. The soil resistivity is high, and some conventional technologies for cathodic protection are difficult to receive. It is expected that the polar bed will have as low a ground resistance as possible. Cathodic protection has not yet been popularized in the use of buried pipelines. 3.2 Anti-corrosion technology for the inner wall of oil and gas pipes in the 1970s In the later period, the integral glass fiber reinforced plastic lining was used in anti-corrosion pipelines abroad. The commonly used thermoplastics for integral glass fiber reinforced plastic lining are polyvinyl chloride polypropylene, plastic ⑵ and plastic such as round, widely used corrosion-resistant rubber lining glass lining and impermeable graphite lining, etc. Sour natural gas and halogen pipelines are severely corroded and fouled, and lined with plastic glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the inner coating of steel pipelines is drag coated and coated with integral extrusion coating. It has gained a lot of experience, but in the actual prefabrication and repair, the backward welding method of on-site welding is used to repair the coating, resulting in poor uniformity of the paint film, easy to miss the coating, and the quality of the coating cannot be guaranteed, while causing environmental pollution. , The coating adopts epoxy resin primer and topcoat to cure slowly at room temperature, especially in winter construction is difficult, the curing dosage is difficult to accurately install maintenance costs and 1 medicine, asthma fees, etc., stomach 6 3.2.2 Fluorine plastic lining The construction process of the 28-layer plastic film lining is that the plastic film is used as the lining village material. After the steel surface of the inner wall of the pipeline is treated, a special adhesive is applied, and then the end is used to vacuum. Method, the plastic film tube is lined in the pipeline to achieve the purpose of anti-corrosion. The 4 lined pipeline is made of two parts of the lined pipe and the steel jacket. It has good corrosion resistance and temperature resistance, and it is an ideal household at home and abroad. It is mainly used in the anti-corrosion of chemical industry, including pipelines and fittings, heat exchanger plug valves, 4 tons of diaphragm valve heat collection tubes and membrane sight glass material filters.

The plastic lining technology is suitable for the anticorrosion of the lining of old and new pipelines. It can meet the 580 bend of the tail, and the secondary long-distance lining is 25 let! ; The overall anti-corrosion performance and anti-seepage performance are excellent; the construction period is short and the cost is low. Generally, it is about 3 views of laying new pipelines. It is a new anti-corrosion technology worth promoting. 3.2.3 Multi-resin modified heavy anti-corrosion paint. Nowadays, multi-resin modified heavy anti-corrosion paint has been widely used. In the early 1990s, Renqiu Shengli Daqing and other oilfields successively introduced pipeline spraying convex lines from the United States, Japan and Canada. They used oven curing and advanced testing and control equipment. They achieved good results in the pre-preparation process, but the on-site welding joints Repairing Shi Ding has not been completely solved, and its construction requirements are strict and complicated, and the cycle is long. Cheng Mugao, these have become urgent classes to be solved for the Shishan Natural Gas Pipeline Tubing Sleeve μJ External Anticorrosion Project. The general requirement of development is to apply, the investment of each Shantian + low energy consumption and low cost coatings with good coating quality, and the matching coating process. In short, foreign pipeline anti-corrosion coatings are gradually forming coal On the basis of various resin coatings such as tar petroleum asphalt, positive plastic coating plastic adhesive tapes and rings, powder coating method to develop ij Luotang Lake. Xing Wen asked about China's crude oil hot spot. 1. Shi Shan 9 reported 2 Bao Chong. Waxes are buried in Shantou.艺 的 研 1. Journal of Petroleum Zheng Wen. Crude oil transportation drag reduction technology and drag reduction efficiency. Journal of Petroleum, Wang Lijuan, Tian Jun. The action mechanism and application of polymer-based pour point depressant Gao Xiqi, Chen Shunian. Guan Zhangping, Wang Xueying, Tan Xiaohua of the characteristics of pipeline inner wall surface and fluid friction. Zhi 4 Yang Jiayu simulation test of paint anti-wax effect. Magnetized viscosity reduction oil pipelines worth paying attention to several natural gas and oil technology, 1989, 7 Wang Zhongqing. A preliminary study on the mechanism of magnetic wax prevention technology. Oilfield Ground Engineering, 1992, 52730.

Li Jingui. Modern city construction and corrosion protection. Corrosion and prevention of Zhang Qibin, etc. The coating and quality of the polyethylene coating of the pipeline layer structure Yin Guoyao, etc. The reason for the waste layer in the coating of the layer and the anticorrosive layer is also. , 7, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Corrosion Prevention R.1995.

Liu Jianwen. A new type of anticorrosive paint. Chemical corrosion and protection, Ma Yingli, etc. Two new materials in the petroleum industry. Material guide Jiuhonghong, Ding Yi. Corrosion and protection of shallow buried high-silicon cast iron anode floor resistance reduction technology in the cathodic protection project of Kushan oil pipeline, 08 Huang Xiangrui. Plastic anti-corrosion applications. Corrosion and Protection, 1998, 19

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