Cartography Li Kaihong

Suspected scraper ● Discovered in Houshan, Chashan Village, Fengyi Town, Maoxian County.

The stone axe was discovered in Qangtang in late 2012 ● late Stone Age ● or provided clues for archaeologists. The discovery site was located in the middle of the route proposed by the archaeologists.

Culturally

The Shizi Guiyuan Bridge site is the earliest site found in the Chengdu Plain at the late Neolithic period. Its culture is derived from the type of late Yangshao culture in the northwest mountainous area represented by Yingpan Mountain in Maoxian County.

Geographically

Shifang and Maoxian are only separated by the Jiuding Mountain, and the straight distance from Shihong Hongbai Town, Maoxian County is about 36 kilometers, and it is about 70 kilometers from Shifang District (the Guiyuan Bridge Site).

Evidence

When the outdoor team crossed the Jiudingshan Mountain, in addition to discovering some relics of the ancients, some stone tools were discovered. One stone axe was identified by the experts from the Neolithic Age.

Thirty years ago, when Sanxingdui turned into a sensation in the world, mysterious masks and other mysterious bronze artifacts triggered frenzied guesses about the origins of the ancient civilization, and some people even thought that it was an alien masterpiece. Since then, Jinsha, Baodun Ancient City, Mao County Yingpanshan, Shifang Guiyuan Bridge, Jiantai Village and other sites have been excavated one after another, successively demonstrating that the ancient Shu civilization did not exist in isolation.

However, how did the earliest ancient monks enter the Chengdu Plain? This has always been a mystery that scholars have tried to solve.

“Ancient people are likely to climb Jiudingshan and enter the Chengdu Plain, creating an ancient civilization in the Chengdu Plain.” On the 19th, the Deyang Cultural Relics Department, together with the outdoor and wild animal conservationists in Deyang and Maoxian, jointly explored the migration route of the ancient mantle. This is the first cross-border cooperation between archeology and outdoor exploration. Among them, a stone axe from the Neolithic era and a suspected scraper on display at the seminar provided evidence for expert speculation.

According to reports, after the preliminary work has been finalized, the experts will join the Jiuding Mountain with the “archeology + outdoor” model to explore the source of civilization in Sanxingdui.

Two paths

Either over Jiudingshan or Shunjiangjiangxia

In 2009, Shifang discovered the ruins of the Guiyuan Bridge. This is the earliest Neolithic site found in the Chengdu Plain.

According to Liu Zhangze, director of the Deyang Institute of Archeology, the Guiyuan Bridge dates from about 5100 to 4600 years ago. It dates back to the Sanxingdui Phase 1 (Baodun) culture. Its pottery features are related to the Dadiwan Gansu Phase IV, Wududa Lijiaping and Maoxian Yingpan. There is a close connection between the mountains and Wenchuan Jiangwei City.

“The spark of the ancient Shu civilization was ignited here.” Gao Dalun, dean of the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, commented on the site.

In addition, archaeologists discovered the site of Xingxing Village, which was slightly earlier than Sanxingdui Phase 1 (Baodun) Culture, in Nanquan Town, Shifang County in 2013. In 2014, the site of Jingan Village slightly later than the Guiyuan Bridge site was discovered in Matsu. Archeologists believe that these Neolithic cultural sites eventually bred and evolved into the Sanxingdui culture.

On April 15 this year, the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology announced that the ruins of Dagu Ancient City from 4600 to 4500 were the earliest ancient cities in Chengdu Plain earlier than Sanxingdui and even Baodun. In its time, it also outlined the migration trajectory of some of the ancient ancestors: they initially set up settlements in the mountains surrounding the Chengdu Plain, and after solving the flood, they migrated from the surrounding alpine areas to the plain's heart to create a splendid Sanxingdui and Jinsha culture.

In recent years, cultural relics and archaeological experts have discussed the course of the first phase of Guiyuan Bridge into the Chengdu Plain, and concluded that the distribution of important cultural sites from the late Neolithic culture in Chengdu Plain to the ancient Shu culture can be divided into two regions. One is the longan. Bridge ruins, Sanxingdui ruins, and Jiantai village sites are located in the northeastern part of the plain. The second group is represented by the ancient city site group in Chengdu plain, which is located in the west of the plain.

Experts believe that the culture of the late Neolithic period in Chengdu Plain entered the Chengdu Plain from Maoxian County, Wenchuan County, and Li County in the northwestern mountainous region. It was speculated from the distribution of the sites that there may be two routes to the Chengdu Plain: one is to overturn nine from Maoxian County. Dingshan directly into Shifang, the second is the Shunjiang River and the next from Dujiangyan into the plains.

Liu Zhangze said that if the first line is established, then the incoming route is specifically: Yingpan Mountain in Maoxian County - Sanxingdui Phase 1 - Sanxingdui Culture.

Some evidence

Stone axe found when outdoor personnel cross Jiudingshan

Yesterday’s party, Yu Jiahua, known as the “Guardian of Jiuding Mountain” also came.

“We are very familiar with Jiudingshan area. We can walk at night and we will not disappear.” Yu Jiahua said that he lives in Chashan Village, Fengyi Township, Maoxian County near Jiudingshan. Since 1995, he has been patrolling with his younger brother to stop the mountain. Poachers do it for 20 years. General patrols, they will go from Maoxian over the Jiudingshan to Mianzhu Qingping or after the return of the red and white area. "There are many ancient roads on the mountain." Yu Jiahua said that after the earthquake, the road collapsed, but many remains of ancient activities still exist.

Deyang senior outdoor person Wang Hao also led several times through Jiuding Mountain. In 2001, he and the team members successfully climbed the summit of Jiudingshan Lion Wang Feng. In the mountains, outdoor players found some fossils in addition to ancient relics such as plank roads.

Wang Xiaodi, a member of the Deyang Mountaineering Association, brought two pieces of stone found in the mountains: a stone axe and a suspected scraper. “This stone axe was discovered in Qiantang in 2012. This scraper was found in Houshan, Chashan Village, Fengyi Township, Maoxian County.” Wang Xiaodi introduced.

The appearance of this stone axe brought surprises to the archaeologists at the scene. Experts on the scene identified this stone axe from the Neolithic Age.

“The stone axe was a stone axe from the late Stone Age, and another scraper was not able to confirm it for the time being.” In the eyes of Liu Zhangze, this stone axe provided the archeologists with clues. “It was explained that the people’s activity area had reached Qiangtang and the place where the stone axe was found was in us. The middle of the proposed route."

Liu Zhangze believes that this indicates that the passage from Maoding County to Jiudingshan to Mianzhu and Shifang has existed, and it was gradually abandoned until the early days of the founding of New China. Jiudingshan also has Prince Edward City, Prince Edward Hall and other place names, legends and Kaiming Wang. Based on this information, "the route of the late Neolithic culture to the Chengdu Plain is likely to be directly from Maoxian County to the Jiuding Mountain."

Joint exploration

Planning Archaeology + Outdoor Exploration of the Source of Sanxingdui Civilization

The archaeological test proved that the first phase of the Guiyuanqiao archaeological site was similar to the Yingpanshan culture in Maoxian County, while Shifang and Maoxian were separated by only the Jiuding Mountain.

From a geographical point of view, the straight distance from Mao County to Shifang Hongbai Town in Aba County is about 36 kilometers, and it is about 70 kilometers from Shifang District (the Guiyuan Bridge Site). Although the roads are steep during this period, experts speculate that there should be contact channels in ancient times.

“After the discovery of Sanxingdui, archaeologists have been exploring where the source of the civilization of Sanxingdui came from, and where it came from?” said Zhu Yarong, deputy director of the Sanxingdui Museum. The discovery of the Guiyuanqiao site and the discovery of the Yingpanshan site in Maoxian County have given the archeologists some inspiration. "Give us some research directions, but we haven't formed a complete chain of evidence."

“Archaeology is the process of boldly conjecturing careful verification.” She explained that the site of the Shifang Guiyuan Bridge is the earliest Neolithic site found in the Chengdu Plain. Its culture is derived from the type of late Yangshao culture in the northwestern mountains represented by Yingpan Mountain in Mao County. “How did they enter the Chengdu Plain through the river? Enter the Chengdu Plain through the river? Over the Jiuding Mountain into the Chengdu Plain? The cross-border collaboration of the archaeologists and the outdoor mountaineering community, field trips, and exploration of the source of civilization in Sanxingdui.”

According to Qiu Dengcheng, deputy director of the Sanxingdui Museum, various evidences point to the existence of the migration route of the ancient Qiang people. “If you can find several small settlement sites on Jiudingshan, you can confirm that this ancient monk climbed Jiudingshan and entered Chengdu. Plain guess."

Liu Zhangze introduced that the current cultural relics department will conduct preliminary investigations and conduct archaeological investigations along the Shiting River and Longmenshan Mountains. On October 15th, the “Seminar on the Source of Ancient Shuo” will also be held in Shifang. When the time is ripe, we will join the Jiuding Mountain in the mode of “archeology + outdoor” to explore the source of civilization in Sanxingdui.

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