8. The development of military container transportation Since container transportation has the advantages of safety and rapidity, high protection performance, simplification of packaging, and saving on packaging costs, in recent years, the number of containers used by the US military has gradually increased and the scope of use has continued to expand. Now, new types of containers that can be opened from the top and side are being developed and purchased. The U.S. military also set up an execution team for container transportation ammunition and missiles. The mission of the U.S. military is to improve the gaskets and fastening methods, reduce the cost of containers, and strive to achieve 100% of transport of ammunition in containers. At present, 80% of the ammunition shipped to Europe by the U.S. military has been transported by military containers. During the Gulf War, the U.S. military used more than 37,000 military and commercial containers of about 20 tons to transport military equipment and equipment to combat areas. This war has accumulated valuable experience in expanding the use of containers. Practical experience shows that the small size, openable structure that can be opened from the top and side, and convenient loading and unloading is more practical because it can overcome the disadvantages of inconvenient loading and unloading of military containers and oversize (about 4300mm in height).
At present, the US military is purchasing containers of this structure. After the United States, Germany developed a new type of fully open and open container, which is economical, practical and flexible. The container is composed of two side walls, a top cover and an end wall. It belongs to the cover type structure. A person can push the cover in 40s to remove the lock and automatically raise it. Its main features are: reduced height, not limited by low bridges during transportation, and easy loading and unloading of goods at the top and sides.
9. The traditional method for long-term storage of military packaging to functional development of military packaging is to apply anti-rust grease on the surfaces of firearms before packaging. This method is neither economical nor convenient to put into use quickly. The U.S. has developed a dual-functional paint mainly composed of molybdenum disulfide and sodium molybdate that combines the functions of corrosion protection and lubrication. The paint is applied to the projectile, the gun and the gun body tube, which not only overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional methods, but also has antiseptic function and lubrication effect, so that the projectile and the tube reduce friction and improve the trajectory speed and shooting accuracy.
Since the 1990s, the protective packaging of military products has developed toward functionalization. At present, there are mainly the following categories: The first category is smart high-seal packaging; the second category is stealth packaging, including visual stealth, radar stealth, infrared stealth, stealth weapons and equipment and military facilities; the third category is the field Long-lasting and high-quality food packaging; the fourth category is electrostatic shielding, anti-static packaging; the fifth category is anti-electromagnetic packaging; the sixth category is radiation-resistant packaging. Among them, whether it is in the development of stealth packaging, anti-electromagnetic packaging, anti-radiation packaging materials, or in the packaging structure design and protective packaging technology has made great progress.
Foreign Military Packaging Strengthening Management 1. Establishing Packaging Management Mechanisms The packing of foreign military equipment has established a series of effective management mechanisms from top to bottom. For example, the US military’s weapons packaging is a four-level management function system. At the highest level, the Assistant Secretary of Defense appointed the designated person to be responsible for the packaging work, to determine, formulate, and modify the relevant packaging policy directives; the second level was the instructions of the Army's Equipment Command to implement the Assistant Secretary of Defense, and specifically contracted for the implementation of the packaging organization plan; The rank is the “Packaging, Storage, and Containerization Center†of the Army Command. It is the central organization for the US military’s materials and packaging work. According to the superior’s policies and directives, it combines various kinds of packaging work with the actual situation of the troops and often sends experts to the military. Warehouses (including overseas garrison bases) inspect packaging problems and collect and report back package information. The fourth level is related agencies that are distributed around the country, that is, management departments responsible for packaging work, mainly military warehouses. The United Kingdom, France and Germany also have corresponding packaging management agencies to avoid repeated packaging.
2. The full-time personnel were set up to make sure that the weaponry and equipment packaging work was implemented in a truly integrated manner. The United States, Britain, France, and Germany (including the Marine Corps) set up packing staff to cooperate with full-time packaging engineers and representatives. This department is responsible for carrying out military packaging work. For example, the U.S. Army Equipment Command and its subordinate warehouse system commands, which manages all Army warehouses, have set up full-time packaging staff. Most of the Army's weapons and equipment packages are carried out here. In addition, the Air Force System Command, the Air Force Equipment Command, the Navy Supply System Command, and the Marine Corps all set up their own packing staff and established a "Packaging" composed of all-armed and professional personnel led by the Air Force System Command. The “Joint Coordination Group†is responsible for coordinating the work of the land, sea, air force, and defense supply systems on packaging, and brings the opinions and suggestions of the various arms on packaging to the conference room for analysis and research, and solves all arms and military services in the same industry sector. Between the issues, the formulation of modified packaging standards and other work.
3. Guaranteeing the packaging expenses for weapons and equipment In general, the cost of military packaging containers is high, and the one-off investment is relatively large. However, the overall economic efficiency of weapons and equipment systems is good, which can not only save a lot of long-term storage maintenance costs, reloading and loading charges, and transportation costs. And, more importantly, the weapons and equipment have been reliably protected and have obvious economic benefits. Therefore, foreign countries have fully guaranteed this. For example, the US military’s packaging costs are about 5% of national defense costs, the Japanese army is 4.7%, the Indian Army is 2.6%, and Western Europe is 3.4% to 4.6%. Eastern Europe is 2.4% to 3.1%. In general, the proportion of packaging scientific research expenses in developed countries is large, accounting for 15% to 22% of military packaging costs, while developing countries only account for 2% to 7%. An obvious feature of foreign military packaging is that military packaging occupies a certain proportion in the development and production of weapons, so as to ensure the quality of research and development of military packaging and smooth development. For example, the cost of British weapons and equipment equipment accounts for 5% to 8% of the total cost of weapon equipment; German packaging costs account for 5% to 10% of the total cost; US military packaging costs account for 5% to 10% of the total cost.
4. The implementation of green military packaging in developed countries, military packaging work throughout the entire process from product development to use, this is the new concept of green packaging. The US military believes that the packaging work should receive corresponding attention when it comes to the development of weapons and equipment. A series of standards have been formulated for designers' reference. For example MIL-STD-1367, MIL-STD-1319, FED-STD-102, these standards control the protective packaging requirements of weapons equipment macroscopically, they and several other major military standards, such as MIL-STD-794, FED The STD-101 packaging test method, the MIL-Ben-810 environmental test method, and the MIL-P-116 protective packaging method constitute a strict management system and a green balance for preventing pollution and protecting the global environment. (To be continued)
World Trends in Military Packaging and Countermeasures (3)
January 31 20:10:24, 2019
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