China Education Equipment Procurement Network News: Sensors play an increasingly important role in the field of science and technology, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. The ever-increasing demands placed on sensors by human society are a powerful driving force for the development of sensor technology, and the rapid development of modern technology has provided a strong backing.

With the development of science and technology, sensors are constantly updated and developed.

1. Develop new sensors

The new sensor should roughly include: â‘  the use of new principles; â‘¡ fill the sensor gap; â‘¢ bionic sensor and other aspects. They are related to each other. The working mechanism of the sensor is based on various effects and laws, which inspires people to further explore sensitive functional materials with new effects, and develop new physical property type sensor devices with new principles based on this. This is the development of high performance, multifunction, An important way for low-cost and miniaturized sensors. Structural sensors developed earlier and are now maturing. Structural sensors are generally said to have complex structures, large volumes, and high prices. Physical sensors are roughly the opposite, with many attractive advantages, and the past development is not enough. Countries around the world have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in physical property sensors to strengthen research, thus making it a notable development trend. Among them, the low sensitivity threshold sensor developed by using the effects of quantum mechanics to detect weak signals is one of the new development trends.

2. Integrated, multifunctional and intelligent

Sensor integration includes two definitions. One is the parallelization of multiple components with the same function. That is, single sensor components of the same type are arranged on the same plane with an integrated process. The linear sensor is arranged in one dimension, and the CCD image sensor is This is the case. Another definition of integration is multi-functional integration, that is, the integration of the sensor with amplification, calculation and temperature compensation and other links to assemble a device.

With the development of integrated technology, various types of hybrid integrated and monolithic integrated pressure sensors have appeared one after another, and some have become commodities. Integrated pressure sensors have piezoresistive, capacitive, and other types, of which piezoresistive integrated sensors have developed rapidly and are widely used.

The multi-functionalization of sensors is also one of its development directions. A typical example of so-called multifunctionalization, a monolithic silicon multi-dimensional force sensor developed by a sensor research and development center of a university in the United States can measure 3 linear velocities, 3 centrifugal accelerations (angular velocities) and 3 angular accelerations simultaneously. The main component is a monolithic silicon structure composed of 4 cantilever beams that are correctly designed and mounted on a substrate, and 9 piezoresistive sensitive elements that are correctly arranged on each cantilever beam. Multifunctionalization can not only reduce the production cost and volume, but also effectively improve the sensor's stability, reliability and other performance indicators.

Integrating multiple sensor elements with different functions, in addition to simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, can also comprehensively process and evaluate the measurement results of these parameters, which can reflect the overall status of the system under test. It can also be seen from the above that integration brings many new opportunities to solid-state sensors, and it is also the basis of multi-function.

The combination of the sensor and the microprocessor makes it not only have the detection function, but also have artificial intelligence such as information processing, logical judgment, self-diagnosis, and "thinking", which is called the intelligentization of the sensor. With the help of semiconductor integrated technology, the sensor part is made on the same chip as the signal preprocessing circuit, input and output interface, microprocessor, etc., which becomes a large-scale integrated intelligent sensor. It can be said that smart sensors are the product of the combination of sensor technology and large-scale integrated circuit technology, and its realization will depend on the improvement and development of the level of integration of sensor technology and semiconductor technology. This type of sensor has the advantages of versatility, high performance, small size, suitable for mass production and convenient use. It can be said that it is one of the important directions of the sensor.

3. New material development

Sensor materials are an important foundation for sensor technology and an important support for sensor technology upgrade. With the advancement of materials science, sensor technology is maturing day by day, and there are more and more types. In addition to the semiconductor materials and ceramic materials used in the early days, the development of optical fibers and superconducting materials provides a material basis for the development of sensors. For example, according to the fact that many semiconductor materials based on silicon are easy to miniaturize, integrate, multi-function, and intelligent, and semiconductor photothermal detectors have the characteristics of high sensitivity, high precision, and non-contact, etc., develop infrared sensors and laser sensors , Optical fiber sensors and other modern sensors; among sensitive materials, ceramic materials and organic materials have developed rapidly.They can use different formulas to mix raw materials.Based on the precise formulation of chemical components, high-precision molding and sintering can be used to obtain a certain or Some kinds of sensitive materials with gas recognition function are used to make new gas sensors. In addition, the polymer organic sensitive material is a new type of sensitive material with great application potential that people have paid close attention to in recent years. It can be made into sensors such as heat sensitive, light sensitive, gas sensitive, humidity sensitive, force sensitive, ion sensitive and biosensitive. The continuous development of sensor technology has also promoted the development of newer materials, such as nanomaterials. The American NRC company has developed a nano-ZrO2 gas sensor to control the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles, which has a good effect on purifying the environment and has a broad application prospect. Because the sensors made of nano materials have a huge interface, they can provide a large number of gas channels, and the on-resistance is very small, which is conducive to the development of miniaturization of sensors. With the continuous progress of science and technology, more new materials will be born .

4. Adoption of new technology

In the development of new sensors, the adoption of new processes is inseparable. The meaning of the new process is very broad, and here mainly refers to the micro-processing technology that is particularly closely related to the development of emerging sensors. This technology, also known as micro-machining technology, has developed in recent years along with integrated circuit technology. It is a technology used in microelectronic processing such as ion beam, electron beam, molecular beam, laser beam and chemical etching. More and more are used in the field of sensors, such as sputtering, evaporation, plasma etching, chemical gas deposition (CVD), epitaxy, diffusion, etching, lithography, etc., so far there have been a large number of sensors made by the above process Domestic and foreign reports.

5. Smart materials

Smart materials refer to the design and control of physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and other parameters of materials, the development of artificial materials with characteristics that are superior to those of biological materials or superior to those of biological materials. Some people think that materials with the following functions can be called intelligent materials: they can adapt to the judgment of the environment; they have self-diagnosis functions; they have self-repair functions; they have self-enhancement functions (or time-base functions).

The most prominent feature of biological materials is that they have a time base function, so this sensor characteristic is differential and it is more sensitive to the variational part. Conversely, if you are in a certain environment for a long time and get used to it, the sensitivity will decrease. Generally speaking, it can adjust its sensitivity to the environment. In addition to biological materials, the most attractive smart materials are shape memory alloys, shape memory ceramics and shape memory polymers. The exploration of smart materials has just begun, and I believe that there will be great development in the near future.

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